1.       Define the word Biology                    Top Spring Concepts for Biology

2.       Define the word theory

3.       List the key steps of the scientific method

4.       List the characteristics of living things

5.       Draw a model of an atom and its parts

6.       Explain why cells are always very small

7.       List three kinds of organelles and explain what their jobs are

8.       Explain how particles move in diffusion

9.       Compare diffusion and osmosis

10.    List two types of passive transport

11.    Explain why catalysts are important to living things

12.    Recognize the path of energy in plants and animals

13.    Describe the role ATP plays in cells

14.    Draw and label the site of photosynthesis.

15.    Describe how photosynthesis provides the energy needed by all living things

16.    List three steps of photosynthesis

17.    List the steps of cellular respiration

18.    Describe binary fission

19.    List the stages of mitosis

20.    Describe how cancer affects the cell cycle

21.    Name two kinds of gametes found in sexually reproducing animals

22.    Describe how an offspring organism’s sex is determined

23.    Explain the meaning of the terms recessive allele and dominant allele

24.    Draw a Punnett square of a cross

25.    Explain how pea plants with purple flowers  can produce offspring with white flowers

26.    Give an example of heterozygote and homozygote

27.    Explain the difference between a genotype and a phenotype

28.    Define the word mutation

29.    Describe the structure of DNA

30.    Label the parts of a nucleotide

31.    Show how base-pairing rules work

32.    Describe what complementary strands on a DNA molecule mean

33.    List the steps on DNA replication

34.    Define gene expression

35.    Compare the structure of RNA with the structure of DNA

36.    Compare a pathogen with a vaccine

37.    List two uses of DNA fingerprints

38.    Define the word evolution

39.    Explain how new species may be formed

40.    Name the four basic molecules that all living things are made from

41.    Describe the scientific system for naming organisms

42.    List the seven classification groups in order from most specific to least specific

43.    Link classification to evolution

44.    List the six kingdoms of life

45.    List the three general shapes of bacteria

46.    State two differences between bacteria and typical eukaryotic cells

47.    Define the term bacterial growth

48.    Name two reasons why decomposers are important

49.    List five ways that bacteria can spread

50.    Name two ways to prevent bacterial infection

51.    Name three characteristics of living things that viruses do not have

52.    Explain how a virus is reproduced

53.    Name three parts of a typical animal virus

54.    Explain how eukaryotic cells may have evolved

55.    Name two ways that protests move

56.    Define the term conjugation

57.    Name one multicellular protist and one one-celled protist

58.    List two characteristics of protozoa

59.    Define the word motile

60.    Name the protist that causes malaria

61.    Identify the most effective way of controlling insect-carried protozoa

62.    Name two protozoa that often contaminate water

63.    List two ways that people use fungi

64.    Compare the way fungi digest food with the way animals digest food

65.    Draw & Label the shoot, root, root cap, stem, leaves and veins of a plant

66.    Describe how a plant uses its roots, stems, and leaves

67.    Explain how plants grow

68.    Show how water moves through plants

69.    Show how carbohydrates move through plants

70.    Define the term transpiration

71.    Label the parts of a flower

72.    Show how pollution takes place

73.    Explain the difference between pollination and fertilization

74.    The elements sugar is made of?

75.    What raw materials does photosynthesis require?

76.    What is the end products of photosynthesis?

77.    What chemical stores the energy needed for photosynthesis?

78.    If you are a leaf on a tree and you’re at the bottom should you be big or small to help your plant out the most?

79.    What cells do photosynthesis occur?

80.    What controls the size of the stomata opening?

81.    What does the stomata do?

82.    What do the guard cells do?

83.    What 3 colors are plant pigments?

84.    What is transpiration?

85.    What does the xylem carry?

86.    What does the phloem carry?

87.    Where is the epidermis on a leaf?

88.    What are 5 uses of plants?

89.    Why do leaves change colors?

90.    Compare Photosynthesis with cellular respiration.

91.    Talk about raw materials needed and final products.

92.    What is the cell walls job?

93.    What is the fruits job?

94.    When does fertilization occur in angiosperms?

95.    When does pollination occur in angiosperms?

96.    When a plant looses water faster than it can replace it, it what’s?

97.    What’s the difference between a fibrous and taproot?

98.    Legumes are famous for what benefit?

99.    Where is the terminal leaf bud located ?

100.Where are the lateral leaf buds ?

101.Trace the path of water through a plant’s parts.

102.Trace the path of food through a plant’s parts.

103.What are three processes by which a plant can move water.

104.Where does a cactus store water?

105.Which occurs first the primary or the secondary roots?

106.What’s the job of the hairy roots?

107.What are the minerals used for in the forming of the plant?

108.What are some products produced by the stem of a plant?

109.What is the job of the epidermis?

110.This part of the plant produces new xylem and phloem.

111.A corn plant is a monocot, where would you expect to see the vascular bundles in the stem?

112.What’s the difference between a perennial and an annual?

113.Describe how a monocot and a dicot patterns of xylem differs?

114.If you put a nail in a tree trunk 5 feet up and you come back 25 years from now, where would             you expect to see the nail?

115.How can you tell the age of a tree?

116.Where is a tree growing NOW?

117.Which layer of a tree is the oldest?

118.What are two things people use fungi for?

119.Are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?

120.Why do ferns need water to reproduce?

121.An example of a symbiotic relationship in plants is?

122.What is a fiddle head?

123.What is a partially developed plant found in seeds?

124.What’s the cotyledons job?

125.What’s the flowers job?

126.What are some examples of gymnosperms?

127.Why are lichens a good indicator of the environments health?

128.The tip of the roots and stems that grow are called ?

129.What’s the pistils job?

130.What’s the stamens job?

131.What are 3 ways we use roots?

132.What are 3 ways we use stems?

133.What are 3 ways we use flowers?

134.What are 3 ways we use leaves?

135.Evolution occurs when the ______of a species change(s) over many generations.

136.The place where an organism lives is its

137.A mutation is a change in an organism’s____.

138.  The number of light color moths will probably increase because of ____.

139.Evolution is the _____ in a species over time.

140.In 1859 ________ proposed the theory of natural Selection to explain how evolution occurs 

141.Old world Monkeys :

142.A body part that no longer has a needed function is called:

143.A new world monkey:

144.Living things that are well suited to their surroundings will usually:

145.One kind of evidence that life existed in the past is called a:

146.Many scientists believe that, over time, the horse changed from a small animal to the large one                               we know today.  These scientist would say that the horse: .

147.The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed by

148.The hypothesis that evolution occurs at a slow constant rate is known as

149.Populations of the same species that differ genetically because they have adapted to different             living conditions are:

150..The hypothesis that evolution occurs at anti regular rate is known as :

151.. The accumulation of differences between species or populations is called :

152.. Structures with no function that are remnants  of an organism’s evolutionary past are

153.. When two opposing selective forces affect the frequency of an allele in a population, it is called

154.. Structures that share a common ancestry or are similar because they are modified versions of             structures from a common ancestor are :

155.. Unopposed selection which moves the frequency of a particular allele in one direction is :

156.. The process by which a species become better suited to its environment is :

157.. The amount of time it takes for one-half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its 

158.MORE OFFSPRING ARE PRODUCED THAN CAN SURVIVE.

159.INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF A SPECIES ARE SIMILAR BUT THEY ARE NOT EXACTLY ALIKE.

160.NATURAL SELECTION INCREASES THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ADAPTIVE                                TRAITS. 

161.   SOME INDIVIDUALS WILL HAVE TRAITS THAT MAKE THEM MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE IN             THEIR ENVIRONMENT.

162.SPECIES ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

163.changes that  occur below species level?

164.changes that occur above species level?

165.