Gene Technology
Study Guide
Read pages 153-167
Define the following:
1. Recombinant
DNA- Molecule formed when fragments of
DNA from two or more different organisms are spliced
together.
2. Genetic engineering- The process
of moving genes from the chromosomes of one organism to those of another.
3. Restriction
enzyme- Enzyme that recognizes and blinds to specific short sequences of DNA
4. Plasmid-
Small, circular DNA molecules found in
cytoplasm of bacteria
5. Vector-
Agent used to transfer genes in genetic
engineering.
6. Nitrogen
fixation- Conversion of atmospheric
nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria
7. Vaccine- A preparation of killed or weakened pathogens introducing
into the body to produce immunity.
8. Antibody- Defensive protein
produced by white blood cells in response to a foreign substance, released by B
cells.
9. DNA
fingerprints- A pattern of dark bands
that reflects the composition of an organism’s DNA
10.
Human genome- Entire collection of genes within human
cells.
11.
What kinds of vaccinations have you
received?
12.
How is a vaccine prepared?
13.
Which of the following statements do you
agree or disagree with?
Using genetic engineering
scientist are making certain plants more disease
resistant.
Using genetic engineering scientist
are making growing numbers of pharmaceutical
products.
Every organisms has a unique
set of DNA
14.
Which two organisms were used to make the
first Recombinant DNA?- A frog and
bacteria
15.
What is Recombinant DNA?-
A molecule formed when fragments of DNA
from two or more different organisms are sliced together in a laboratory.
16.
What is genetic engineering?-The process of moving genes from the
chromosomes of one organism to those of another.
17.
What does it mean to have single-stranded
tails on DNA?- “Sticky
Ends” can pair back up or seal the break.
18.
What cuts DNA into pieces with sticky ends?- Enzymes restriction
19.
EcoRI
cuts DNA when it encounters what base sequence?- CTTAAG
20.
What are plasmids?-Small, circular DNA molecules found in the cytoplasm of bacteria which
allowed enzymes to cut and shake them have sticky ends.
21.
How dies genetic code support the theory
that all organisms have the same design?- The genetic code is universal for all
organisms, from bacteria to humans.
22.
How many restriced
enzymes besides EcoRI have been isolated, making it
possible to cleave a DNA molecule at more than 90 sites?-200
23.
What are the 4 stages to genetic
engineering?-1) Cleaving DNA, 2)
Producing recombinant DNA, 3) Cloning target cells, 4)Screening
target cells.
24.
How are restriction enzymes used in gene
transfer experiments?-Restriction enzymes
recognize and cleave specific sites along the DNA molecule leaving fragments
with sticky ends.
25.
How do scientist ensure that
microorganisms used in genetic engineering experiments will not cause damage?- Scientists select
target cells that cannot survive outside
the laboratory. Scientist follow strict rules stating this.
26.
What are some implications of genetic
engineering?-Preventing and curing
illnesses, milk production in cows, disease resistant plant crops, and drugs
manufactured of human proteins, and large amounts of insulin.
27.
What are Ti plasmids?-
A circular molecule of DNA that possesses
the gene responsible for the plant tumors, can be used to transfer genes.
28.
How could genetic engineer make meat healther?-Leaner
29.
What are the goals of the Human Genome
Project? To locate, catalog, and sequence
every human gene.
30.
Write an essay on DNA fingerprinting. Use
resources Summarize 5 ways DNA finger-printing is
being used today to answer questions.