Thermodynamics

Review Packet

Objectives:

• Perform stoichiometric calculations with the enthalpy of the reaction
• Perform calculations with specific heat
• Discuss how a calorimeter is used and perform related calculations
• Draw, label, and perform associated calculations for heating curves involving specific heat and changes in enthalpy for phase changes
• Perform calculations with Hess’ Law
• Perform calculations with standard heats of formation
• Write reactions representing standard heats of formation
• Compare the absolute entropies of elements and compounds
• Perform calculations with entropy
• Perform calculations with free energy

Chapters 13, 19

Equations and Constants (on yellow sheet)

ΔS° = Σ S°_products – Σ S°_reactants ΔH° = Σ ΔH_f °_products – Σ ΔH_f °_reactants

ΔG° = Σ ΔG_f °_products – Σ ΔG_f °_reactants ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

q = mcΔT = -RT ln K

C_p = ΔH/ΔT = -2.303 RT log K

= - n F E°

Notes

I. Vocabulary

A. Open system

B. Close system

C. State function

II. Thermodynamics

A. First Law of Thermodynamics

B. Enthalpy

C. Calorimeter

D. Specific Heat

E. Heating Curves

1. Heat of fusion

2. Heat of vaporization

F. Hess’s Law

· Standard enthalpies of formation

G. Entropy

· Second Law of Thermodynamics

· Entropy changes in a chemical reaction

H. Free Energy

I. Free Energy and Chemical Reactions

· Dependence of free energy on pressure

· Free energy and equilibrium

· Free energy and cell potential