States of Matter-Liquids and Solids

Review Packet

Objectives:

• Explain how intermolecular forces such as surface tension, capillary action, and viscosity, vapor pressure, and boiling point affect the properties of liquids
• Rank substances in order of decreasing or increasing properties such as boiling points
• Understand different types of solids and know examples of each
• Know characteristic points of heating curves and phase diagrams

Chapters 1 and 11

Equations and Constants (on yellow sheet)

ΔT_f = i K_f x molality π = i MRT

ΔT = i K_b x molality

Notes

AP TIP

Although the topics in this chapter can appear in the multiple-choice section of the exam, it is often the case that many of these topics such as the effect of intermolecular forces on properties of liquids and the structures and properties of solids appear in the essay section.

--Fast Track to a 5 Preparing for the AP Chemistry Examination

I. Background – General Characteristics

A. Gases

B. Liquids

C. Solids

D. Energy and Phase Changes

E. Heating Curves

II. Liquids

A. Heating Curves

B. Intermolecular Forces

C. Properties of Liquids

1. Surface tension

2. Capillary Action

3. Viscosity

D. Vapor Pressure

1. Factors affecting vapor pressure

2. Relationships between boiling point and vapor pressure

3. Clausius-Clapeyron equation

E. Boiling

F. Phase Digrams

1. Critical point

2. Critical temperature

3. Critical pressure

4. Triple point

III. Solids and their properties

A. Molecular

B. Ionic

C. Covalent Network

D. Metallic

E. Amorphous solids, structure and bonding in metals, and alloys