Kinetics

Objectives:

• Identify factors which affect reaction rates
• Calculate the rate of production of a product or consumption of a reactant using mole ratios and the given rate
• Determine the rate law for a reaction from given data, overall order, and value of the rate constant, inclusive of units
• Determine the instantaneous rate of a reaction
• Use integrated rate laws to determine concentrations at a certain time, t, and create graphs to determine order of a reaction. Also, determine the half-life of a reaction
• Write the rate law from a given mechanism given the speeds of each elementary step
• Write the overall reaction for a mechanism and identify catalysts and intermediates present
• Determine the activation energy for the reaction using the Arrhenius equation
• Graphically determine the activation energy using the Arrhenius equation
• Understand the effects of catalysts on reaction rate

Chapter 14

Equations

ln[A]_t – ln[A]₀ = - kt

1/[A]_t – 1/[A]₀ = kt

ln k = -E_a/R(1/T) + lnA

Notes

I. Reaction Rate

A. Factors affecting reaction rate

B. Collision Theory

C. Rate laws

1. First-order relationship

2. Zero-order relationship

3. Second-order relationship

4. Rate law

5. Rate constant

6. Units and rate constants

D. Integrated rate laws

E. Mechanisms

F. Determination of activation energy

G. Reaction types

1. First-order reactions

· Half-life

2. Second-order reactions

H. Relationship between temperature and rate

I. Transition-State theory

J. Effect of catalysts on reaction rate