8.4 – 8.7 Student Notes

D. Orbital Diagrams of Atoms; Hund’s Rule

1. Hund’s Rule

a. Def –

b. Applying Hund’s Rule

Write an orbital diagram for the ground state of the iron atom.

1. Magnetic Properties of Atoms

a. Paramagnetic substance –

b. Diamagnetic substance –

E. Periodicity of the Elements

1. Mendeleev’s Predictions from the Periodic Table

2. Some Periodic Properties

a. Periodic Law –

b. Atomic radius

1. Within each period (horizontal row),

2. Within each group (vertical column),

3. Effective nuclear charge –

c. Ionization Energy

1. First ionization energy (first ionization potential) –

2. Within the period,

3. Within the group,

d. Electron Affinity

1. Def –

2. Trends

Generally

2. Periodicity in the Main-Group Elements

a. Vocabulary

1. Basic oxide –

2. Acidic oxide –

3. Amphoteric oxide –

b. Hydrogen

c. Group IA Elements, the Alkali Metals (ns¹)

d. Group IIA Elements, the Alkaline Earth Metals (ns²)

e. Group IIIA Elements (ns²p¹)

f. Group IVA Elements (ns²p²)

g. Group VA Elements (ns²p³)

h. Group VIA Elements, Chalcogens (ns²p⁴)

i. Group VIIA Elements, Halogens (ns²p⁵)

j. Group VIIIA Elements, Noble Gases (ns²p⁶)