11.3 – 11.4   Student Notes

 

II.   Phase Diagrams

A.           Def –

B.            Melting Point Curve

1.              Divides into the regions of a solid, liquid, and a gas

2.              Phase Diagram for water

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3.              On the diagram

AB represents

Why is AB nearly vertical?

Melting point curve slightly to the left?

Melting point curve slightly to the right?

AC represents

AD represents

Triple point –

Where would a solid pass directly to a gas?

4.              Critical Temperature and Pressure

a.    Supercritical fluid

b.    Critical temperature

c.    Critical pressure

d.    Where is the critical point on our diagram above?

5.    Relating the Conditions for the Liquefaction of Gases to the Critical Temperature

The critical temperatures of ammonia and nitrogen are 132° C and - 147° C, respectively. Explain why ammonia can be liquefied at room temperature by merely compressing the gas to a high enough pressure, whereas the compression nitrogen requires a low temperature as well.

 

III.  Liquid State

       A.   Properties of Liquids

              1.    Surface Tension

                     a.    Def

                     b.    How affected?

                     c.    Capillary rise

              2.    Viscosity

                     a.    Def

                     b.    Example