16.1 – 16.3 Student Notes

I. Acid-Base Concepts

A. History

1. Lavosier –

-

2. Davy –

B. Arrhenius

1. Acid –

2. Base –

3. Strong acid –

Examples –

4. Strong base –

Examples –

5. Other acids and bases are considered weak;

6. Evidence –

C. Brønsted-Lowry

1. Acid –

2. Base –

3. In any reversible acid-base reaction,

a. Conjugate acid-base pair –

b. Identifying Acid and Base Species

In the following equations, label each species as an acid or a base. Show the conjugate acid-base pairs

i. HCO₃^- (aq) + HF (aq) ¯ H₂CO₃ (aq) + F^- (aq)

ii. HCO₃^- (aq) + OH^- (aq) ¯ CO₃^2- (aq) + H₂O (l)

4. Amphiprotic species –

5. Highlights of Brønsted-Lowry

a. A base is a species

b. Acids and bases can be ions as well as

c. Acid-base reaction are not restricted to

d. Some species can act as either

D. Lewis Concept

1. Lewis Acid –

2. Lewis Base –

3. Helps us think of acid/base reactions in a whole new light

a.

b.

4. Identifying Lewis Acid and Base Species

In the following reactions, identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base.

a. Ag⁺ + 2 NH₃ ¯ Ag(NH₃)₂⁺

b. B(OH)₃ + H₂O ¯ B(OH)₄^- + H⁺